| 摘要: |
| 面向在轨制造桁架三维结构在线质量检测和评价的需求，本文针对桁架复合材料结构黑色吸光材质和表面弱纹理与几何形态复杂交织导致传统光学测量在反射光衰减、特征点稀少及多相机部署等方面面临的技术挑战，提出了一种面向复杂空间环境的环形多目视觉检测技术，通过背光成像显著增强桁架边缘对比度，结合基于局部仿射不变性与极线约束的大基线双目重建与多视角点云融合算法，解决了弱反射、低纹理场景下的高精度三维重建难题，并研制了视觉检测样机系统。实验结果表明，该方案在仅配置6台相机的环形阵列情况下，桁架杆件三维重建误差可控制在0.5%以内（杆长为100 mm时最大偏差为0.487 mm），断点缺陷检测精度达0.34 mm，验证了其在资源受限场景下的高精度与可靠性，同时与传统光学测量系统相比，显著降低了设备功耗与体积。该技术为在轨制造的在线质量调控和评价提供了一种高精度、轻量化解决方案，对大型空间设施在轨维护与自主修复具有重要工程应用价值。 |
| 关键词: 桁架结构 缺陷定位 三维重建 点云融合 在轨制造 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52127810）；天津市科技计划项目（24ZXZSSS00300）。 |
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| Visual Inspection Technology for 3D Dimensions and Appearance Quality of Trusses in On-orbit Manufacturing |
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Chen Zhanhong1, Tian Xin2, Li Xinyu1, Yang Yaodong2, Sun Yanbiao1, Sun Zijie2, Xu Lixia2, Tang Xiaojun2
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1. State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072;2. Beijing Spacecraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100094
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| Abstract: |
| In response to the demand for online quality inspection and evaluation of 3D structures for on-orbit manufacturing of trusses, this paper proposes a circular multi view visual inspection method for complex spatial environments, which addresses the technical challenges faced by traditional optical measurements in terms of reflected light attenuation, sparse feature points, and multi camera deployment due to the complex interweaving of black light absorbing materials and weak texture and geometric shapes on the surface of truss composite structures. The method significantly enhances the contrast of truss edges through backlight imaging, and combines large baseline binocular reconstruction and multi view point cloud fusion algorithms based on local affine invariance and epipolar constraints to solve the problem of high-precision 3D reconstruction in weak reflection and low texture scenes. A visual inspection prototype system is also developed. The experimental results show that this scheme can control the 3D reconstruction error of truss members within 0.5% (maximum deviation of 0.487 mm when the rod length is 100 mm) in a circular array with only 6 cameras, and the accuracy of breakpoint defect detection reaches 0.34 mm, verifying its high precision and reliability in resource limited scenarios. At the same time, compared with traditional optical measurement systems, it significantly reduces equipment power consumption and volume. This technology provides a high-precision and lightweight solution for online quality control and evaluation of on-orbit manufacturing, and has important engineering application value for on-orbit maintenance and autonomous repair of large space facilities. |
| Key words: truss structure defect location 3D reconstruction point coud fusion on-orbit manufacturing |
